What does a 10 Commandments monument symbolize?
I finally got around to starting Don't Think of an Elephant today. Lakoff's books are like crack to people like me, who have big interests both in language and in politics, so it's been fun. Anyway, Lakoff dives right into ground he's covered before, how he thinks that conservatives and liberals have different moral frames that we look at the world in, both referencing the metaphor of the nation as a family. He calls the frames strict father/nurturant parent frames. Lakoff is more interested in describing the different metaphors that spin out from these initial frames than looking at these frames as a dichotomy, probably because he knows what immediately popped into my head, knowing what I know about linguistics. (Which isn't much, but I do know some from studying literature.) Which is that one dichotomy tends to suggest others to people, and as much as Lakoff claims that a strict father is oppositional to a nuturant parent, we all know that father is oppositional to mother. Still, I understand the urge, because if he invokes the father/mother dichotomy, the male/female dichotomy is invoked and for metaphorical purposes, you pretty never want to be associated with female, since it tends to come out the worst of the vast majority of other dichotomies that are suggested--strong/weak, smart/dumb, rational/emotional, you name it.
Anyway, I thought about the other dichotomies that are invoked from the strict/nuturant dichotomy. It's a fun game to play if you are a nerd and have nothing better to do. And one popped right away into my head, and if I'm right about the following theory, it popped into yours--Old Testament/New Testament. Now, I'm not vouching for the actual text of either book, but the popular understanding of the two is that the former is all Strict Father--rules, punishment, making divisions between the worthy and the unworthy. The second book is about forgiveness, extending love to all instead of just the worthy, and being saved. In fact, calling Jesus a shepard and people his flock is pretty much the nuturant parent model in a nutshell--protection, not punishment.
Defenders of monuments of the 10 Commandments at courthouses and Capitol buildings argue that it is a testament to the nation's Christian heritage. This confounds liberals. Or, actually, anyone who thinks about the statement rationally--if we want to reflect a Christian path, why not a monument to the bona fide Christians we are referencing, like the Puritans? Why not a monument to Christ or text from the New Testament? Like a lot of others have said, the Beatitudes is probably a better proclamation of American values of equality and democracy than the Commandments. (I think neither is applicable, but that's a different story.)
Well, first of all, the supporters of the monuments are so full of shit their Aryan eyes have gone brown. This has nothing to do with the gentle figure of Jesus Christ or his arguments to his followers not to worry overmuch about government because of the End Times and all that. Nor does it have anything to do with our actual laws. In fact, if people took to heart the commandment not to covet, we would shortly be facing economic collapse.
But you know what? I believe them that it's about "heritage", or at least taking possession of what Americans believe that our heritage is. Going back to the relational way that people think of dichotomies, it's easy to see. Conservative/liberal is to strict father/nuturant parent is to Old Testament/New Testament. A monument to the 10 Commandments is a symbol of the Old Testament and therefore evokes the multitude of things that we relate to that half of the Bible dichotomy--maleness, discipline, rules, favoritism, everything that is dear to conservatives. The heritage that is being asserted may not be religious at all so much as political. The Commandments symbolize a belief that American history adheres to conservative values and to make people think that liberalism is an uppity newcomer. It's a symbol--that's why the text of the Commandments is pretty much irrelevant to monument supporters.
It's no mistake that this issue is cropping up at this critical time in American history, when the struggle of who were are as a nation, what are values are, seems like it's being decided. The Declaration of Independence and Constitution, being documents born from the Enlightment, are worthless as symbols to retroactively assert that conservative values have always been America's values. Instead, we have growing support for viewing the Old Testament, at least the popular understanding of it as a document of a very Male, very vengeful god, as the text from where our ideals spring from.
97 Comments:
This has to be one of the most astute takes on the whole 10 Commandments issue I've ever read. I think your insight into this being both a "return" to manly Christian values as well as a rejection of wimpy sissy Jesus is really spot on.
But most importantly, I think you're exactly right to link this to "heritage." This argument about the role of Christianity in the public sphere is directly related to similar "heritage not hate" arguments in that the symbol seems to have one meaning to those of us who've left it in its proper place (the trash heap of history or the church) and another to those who feel the need to stick it at their state buildings.
3/03/2005
Great point. I can't tell you how many times I've said to my right-leaning friends, "Is that really the kind of country you want to live in?" It had never occured to me that it might be relevant when discussing the proliferation of Ten Commandments monuments, though.
3/03/2005
I wish the right wing would chill about the ten commandments bizness, but that ain't gonna happen.
I tell ya what - the best way to defeat them is to go back and study the founding of this great country. Go back and read the actual words of our founders.
You may find yourself surprised to find that they were not right wing Christians, and that we were not founded as a Christian nation.
Google has lots of info. - but for starters here is a link about Jefferson.
http://www.nobeliefs.com/jefferson.htm
3/04/2005
I'm the last to suggest that our founding fathers meant anything other than absolute freedom of religious expression from our national government's control. That we weren't a Christian nation, however, is a debatable assertion. It depends on whether you take a bottom-up or a top-down approach to the question. Officially, our nation knows no religion. Historically, though, the United States of America has been dominated by people who practice Christianity. By that same token, our country knows no race, but I wonder whether you will find a person who would describe the post-Revolutionary America as an America that was run by or catered to needs other than White American needs. As for Jefferson, he definitely had no religious doctrine, but, like our current President, he considered Jesus to have been history's finest philosopher.
All that having been said, of course the ten commandments is a "heritage" issue. It's just a way of saying "'We' were here first." It's reactionary, and Amanda is correct in asserting that those who support the monument are attempting to show that our American history adheres to Christian values. In a social (bottom-up) sense, they have and argument, but in legal (top-down) sense, they don't. Placing the commandments in a court, then, creates a convenient lie, the religious hard-liners attempting to conflate historical social support for Christianity with historical, governmental support for it. They should be ashamed because they are breaking one of the commandments.
3/04/2005
I really like your reading of the controversy. It explains why the issue in Texas - the monument itself - has to be so ming-numbingly big.
3/04/2005
Speaking of Lakoff, if you have his longer book, Moral Politics, check out Chapter 14: Two Models of Christianity. I don't think he makes the new/old testament comparison, but there's a lot about the interpretation of Jesus anyway.
3/04/2005
Agreed, Rachel, it's a false dichotomy. Of course, most dichotomies really are, especially when you get into relational thinking like man/woman=strong/weak. But good luck trying to convince people who think you're going to hell if you don't convert to respect your religious texts.
3/04/2005
Regarding the distinction between testaments, from the Catholic Encyclopedia:
"However, at an early date, the Alexandrian translators of the Scripture, known as the Septuagint, employed [testament] as the equivalent of the Hebrew berith, which means a pact, an alliance, more especially the alliance of Yahweh with Israel. In St. Paul (I Cor., xi, 25) Jesus Christ uses the words "new testament" as meaning the alliance established by Himself between God and the world, and this is called "new" as opposed to that of which Moses was the mediator..."
3/04/2005
What Rachel said.
You should see how the "it's part of OUR HERITAGE!!!" people react when you suggest the Ten Commandments be posted in the original Hebrew.
3/05/2005
I hate to break it to ya' but, no, Old Testament/New Testament is not a dichotomy.
Testament is simply another word for covenant; of which this sort is a binding contract of the deepest sort between two parties. That doesn't make a dichotomy.
Hebrew is fine, but we don't have sufficient education for the majority of people to know the meaning. That is why the Bible was translated into English from the original languages- so people can understand the meaning of the words and concepts.
Find some codification of law that you would want modern society to pattern after *more* than the Ten Commandments. As for the first few- it is hard rewrite all religion from all historical precedents of law.
But reason is not really what you want to hear on this matter, is it?
"the trash heap of history or the church" ? what happened to the idea that if we don't learn from mistakes of history we repeat them? How is history a trash heap?
"Go back and read the actual words of our founders." Better idea.
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